369 Tesla – Indian Polity
Simulation Book | Edunivra Pvt Ltd
KalviYogi Nagarajan
Indian Polity Background

The Simulation Era of Learning

KalviYogi Nagarajan | Edunivra Pvt Ltd | 369 Tesla

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  • 3 – Visualization
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Page 102 of 171 Basic Structure • Social Justice • Citizen Litigation

Judicial Review, Judicial Activism & Public Interest Litigation (PIL) – ஜனநாயக பாதுகாப்பின் மூன்று தூண்கள்

Indian Polity – Tamil | Simulation View

Judicial Review = அரசியலமைப்பின் காவல்படை

Judicial Review மூலம் Supreme Court & High Courts
சட்டங்கள், நிர்வாக முடிவுகள், அரசின் செயல்கள்
அரசியலமைப்பிற்கு முரணா என்று பரிசோதிக்கின்றன.

Kesavananda Bharati (1973) → Basic Structure doctrine நிறுவப்பட்டது.

Three Concepts – Infographic

Judicial Review

Laws unconstitutional என்றால் strike down.

Judicial Activism

Courts → proactive intervention for justice.

PIL

Poor, voiceless peopleக்கு court access.

Epistolary Jurisdiction

Letter = PIL (SC during 1980s).

Social Justice

Environment, women safety, corruption cases.

PIL → எப்படி தாக்கல் செய்யலாம்?

  1. Any public-spirited person can file.
  2. Letter → treated as writ petition sometimes.
  3. Court notices govt/authorities.
  4. Court monitors implementation.

Quick Check – Judicial Review

Basic Structure doctrine எந்த caseல் உருவானது?

  • Shah Bano
  • Kesavananda Bharati
  • Sabarimala

Correct → Kesavananda Bharati.

Simulation: Review vs Activism vs PIL

Buttons: "SC declares a law unconstitutional" / "Court orders govt to provide night shelters" / "Citizen files petition for river pollution control" Output: 1 → Judicial Review 2 → Judicial Activism 3 → PIL

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