369 Tesla – Indian Polity
Simulation Book | Edunivra Pvt Ltd
KalviYogi Nagarajan
Indian Polity Background

The Simulation Era of Learning

KalviYogi Nagarajan | Edunivra Pvt Ltd | 369 Tesla

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  • 3 – Visualization
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“Education must evolve before students can transform.”

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Page 153 of 171 Urban Governance • Local Planning • Metropolitan Development

Municipalities (74th Amendment): நகராட்சிகள், நகராட்சி நிர்வாகம், 12th Schedule Power Devolution

Indian Polity – Tamil | Simulation View

74வது திருத்தம் – நகராட்சி நிர்வாகத்தை சீரமைத்த முக்கிய சட்டம்

1992ல் 74th Amendment →
Urban governanceக்கு அரசியலமைப்பு அங்கீகாரம்.

Town Planning முதல் Waste Management வரை
நகர வளர்ச்சியை People-centric ஆக்குவது நோக்கம்.

12th Schedule – Urban Function List (18 Areas)

  1. Urban planning.
  2. Regulation of land use.
  3. Water supply.
  4. Public health.
  5. Fire services.
  6. Urban forestry.
  7. Slum improvement.
  8. Urban poverty alleviation.
  9. Safeguarding interests of weaker sections.
  10. Public amenities.
  11. Roads and bridges.
  12. Burial grounds and crematoria.
  13. Cattle pounds.
  14. Markets and fairs.
  15. Regulation of slaughter houses.
  16. Street lighting.
  17. Parks and gardens.
  18. Cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.

Municipal Finance Issues (Exam-important)

Property tax collection weak

Limited revenue autonomy

State government dependency

Smart city funding gaps

Finance Commission grants + local reforms தேவை.

Quick Check – 74th Amendment

Municipalitiesக்கு அரசியலமைப்பு அங்கீகாரம் எந்த திருத்தம்?

  • 73rd
  • 74th
  • 42nd

Correct → 74th.

Simulation: Identify Urban Governance Role

Buttons: "Town planning map approval" / "High Court case review" / "Streetlight maintenance" Output: 1 → Municipality / Corporation 2 → Not ULB 3 → Municipality