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• 3 – Visualization
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• Fast, visual, practical learning
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• Step-by-step logic clarity
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கட்சித் தாவல் தடுப்பு சட்டம்: Whip, Merger Rules, Exceptions, Supreme Court Judgments

Indian Polity – Tamil | Simulation View

Defection → Indian Politicsல் உள்ள பெரிய democratic risk

MLAs & MPs தங்கள் கட்சியை விட்டு
சொந்த நலனுக்காக வேறு கட்சியில் இணைய ஆரம்பித்தால்
அரசு itself unstable ஆகிவிடும்.

இதைத் தடுக்க 1985ல் 10th Schedule கொண்டு வரப்பட்டது.

Grounds for Disqualification – Infographic

Voluntarily gives up membership

அறிவிப்பு இல்லாவிட்டாலும் conduct மூலம் தெரிந்தால்.

Votes against whip

அல்லது abstains without permission.

Independent joins party

மேலுமொரு partyல் இணைய முடியாது.

Nominated member

6 மாதத்திற்கு பிறகு party join செய்தால் disqualify.

Merger exception

2/3 MLAs agree → valid merger.

Three Types of Whips

1. One-line whip → उपस्थित रहो (attendance).
2. Two-line whip → debate & vote important.
3. Three-line whip → party survival-level vote; violation → disqualification.

Supreme Court Key Judgments

1. Kihoto Hollohan (1992) → Speaker decisions subject to judicial review.
2. Ravi Naik → "Voluntarily giving up" = behaviour test.
3. 2016 Arunachal Case → Speaker biased actions struck down.
4. 2020 SC → Defection cases must be decided FAST.

Quick Check – Defection Law

Independent MLA எந்த சூழலில் disqualify ஆவார்?

• Whip violate செய்தால்
• Any party join செய்தால்
• Minister ஆகினால்

Correct → joins any party.

Simulation: Defection Case Test

Buttons: "MLA votes against party whip during budget vote" / "2/3 MLAs join another party via written merger" / "MP resigns and contests by-election from another party" Output: 1 → Defection → disqualification 2 → Valid merger → no disqualification 3 → Resignation allowed → no defection

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